Few cell signals match the impact of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family in
metazoan biology. TGFβ cytokines regulate cell fate decisions during development, tissue …

Altered synaptic structure and function is a major hallmark of fragile X syndrome (FXS),
autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and other intellectual disabilities (IDs), which are …

Astrocytes negatively impact neuronal development in many models of neurodevelopmental
disorders (NDs); however, how they do this, and if mechanisms are shared across disorders …

Post-mortem studies allow for the direct investigation of brain tissue in those with autism and
related disorders. Several review articles have focused on aspects of post-mortem …

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited form of intellectual disability and autism
spectrum disorder, and patients can present with severe behavioural alterations, including …

This review aims to assemble many years of research and clinical experience in the fields of
neurodevelopment and neuroscience to present an up-to-date understanding of the clinical …

Background The development of an autistic brain is a highly complex process as evident
from the involvement of various genetic and non-genetic factors in the etiology of the autism …

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a heritable intellectual and autism spectrum disorder (ASD),
results from the loss of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). This …

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disabilities and
a leading cause of autism. FXS is caused by a trinucleotide expansion in the gene FMR1 on …

The TGF-β superfamily signaling is involved in a variety of biological processes during
embryogenesis and in adult tissue homeostasis. Faulty regulation of the signaling pathway …