Mitochondria are important signalling organelles, and they dictate immunological fate. From
T cells to macrophages, mitochondria form the nexus of the various metabolic pathways that …

It was once widely held that nearly all reactions in biology were catalyzed via mechanisms
involving paired electron species. Beginning approximately 40 years ago, this paradigm was …

Intracellular iron levels are strictly regulated to support homeostasis and avoid iron-
mediated ROS production. Loss of iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) synthesis can increase iron …

Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection caused by dermatophytes, nondermatophytes, and
yeast, and is the most common nail disorder seen in clinical practice. It is an important …

The advent of heme during evolution allowed organisms possessing this compound to
safely and efficiently carry out a variety of chemical reactions that otherwise were difficult or …

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into
equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive …

Now available in a thoroughly revised Twelfth Edition, Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology
continues to be an industry leader with its ability to correlate basic science with the clinical …

Tetrapyrroles like hemes, chlorophylls, and cobalamin are complex macrocycles which play
essential roles in almost all living organisms. Heme serves as prosthetic group of many …

Higher plants produce four classes of tetrapyrroles, namely, chlorophyll (Chl), heme,
siroheme, and phytochromobilin. In plants, tetrapyrroles play essential roles in a wide range …

Heme is an essential cofactor and signaling molecule required for virtually all aerobic life.
However, excess heme is cytotoxic. Therefore, heme must be safely transported and …