The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive
spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease …

Acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis is defined by the development of ascites, hepatic
encephalopathy (HE) and/or variceal bleeding. Ascites is traditionally attributed to …

Macrophages represent a key cellular component of the liver, and are essential for
maintaining tissue homeostasis and ensuring rapid responses to hepatic injury. Our …

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterised by acute decompensation
of chronic liver disease associated with organ failures and high short-term mortality. Alcohol …

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in cirrhosis is characterized by acute decompensation
(AD), organ failure (s), and high short‐term mortality. Recently, we have proposed (systemic …

Inflammation is a hallmark of virtually all liver diseases, such as liver cancer, fibrosis,
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cholangiopathies. Liver …

The liver is a central immunological organ with a high exposure to circulating antigens and
endotoxins from the gut microbiota, particularly enriched for innate immune cells …

Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Acute decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease
is called acute-on-chronic liver failure. Usually, systemic inflammation from infection or an …

The pathophysiological background of decompensated cirrhosis is characterised by a
systemic proinflammatory and pro-oxidant milieu that plays a major role in the development …

Bacterial infection is a frequent trigger of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), syndrome
that could also increase the risk of infection. This investigation evaluated prevalence and …