Arabic handwritten-text recognition applies an OCR technique and then a text-correction
technique to extract the text within an image correctly. Deep learning is a current paradigm …

Vortex optical communication employing orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been a hot
research field in recent years. Thanks to the orthogonality of the OAM, several multiplexing …

An optical character recognition (OCR) system segments the character from the given
document before recognizing it. The recognition of such character images requires the class …

Given the vast range of factors, including shape, size, skew, and orientation of handwritten
numerals, their machine-based recognition is a difficult challenge for researchers in the …

In algebra, polynomials are expressions in which a sum is multiplied by its coefficients
involving one or more variables such as a 0 xn+ a 1 xn− 1+ a 2 xn− 2+…+ an. This paper …

Holistic-based or segmentation-free handwritten word recognition is one of a pattern
recognition problem that aims to recognize the entire word image as a single entity. It is a …

Nowadays, robots are widely applied in life as well as industrial production, medicine,
rescue, learning, and entertainment. There are many kinds of robots using different modern …

Given the prevalence of handwritten documents in human interactions, optical character
recognition (OCR) for documents holds immense practical value. OCR is a field that …

Word recognition has garnered significant attention due to its wide-ranging real-time
applications, including postal automation, signature verification, bank check processing and …

Handwritten text extraction from images is challenging due to the variability of styles in
handwriting, quality of images, and noise backgrounds. Existing methods often struggle to …