Experimental evolution is the study of evolutionary processes occurring in experimental
populations in response to conditions imposed by the experimenter. This research approach …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Teleosts comprise about half of all vertebrate species and exhibit an extraordinary diversity
of adult pigment patterns that function in shoaling, camouflage, and mate choice and have …

Recent technical and methodological advances have led to a dramatic increase in the use of
spectrometry to quantify reflectance properties of biological materials, as well as models to …

Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of
chromosomes. The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination …

Predicting the outcomes of adaptation is a major goal of evolutionary biology. When
temporal changes in the environment mirror spatial gradients, it opens up the potential for …

Background Sexually dimorphic phenotypes are generally associated with differential gene
expression between the sexes. The study of molecular evolution and genomic location of …

Examples of parallel evolution have been crucial for our understanding of adaptation via
natural selection. However, strong parallelism is not always observed even in seemingly …

Convergent evolution represents one of the best lines of evidence for adaptation, but few
cases of phenotypic convergence are understood at the genetic level. Guppies inhabiting …

Sensory drive theory contends that signaling systems should evolve to optimize
transmission between senders and intended receivers, while minimizing visibility to …