The contributions of genetics research to the science of normal and defective color vision
over the previous few decades are reviewed emphasizing the developments in the 25years …

Dramatic improvement of our understanding of the genetic basis of vision was brought by
the molecular characterization of the bovine rhodopsin gene and the human rhodopsin and …

An intensely debated issue concerning visual-experience-dependent neural plasticity is
whether experience is required only to maintain function or whether information from …

There is enormous variation in the X-linked L/M (long/middle wavelength sensitive) gene
array underlying “normal” color vision in humans. This variability has been shown to …

Color is an extremely important component of the information that we gather with our eyes.
Most of us use color so automatically that we fail to appreciate how impor-tant it is in our …

Direct imaging of the retina by adaptive optics allows assessment of the relative number of
long-wavelength-sensitive (L) and middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) cones in living human …

Amino acid changes S180A (S--> A at site 180), H197Y, Y277F, T285A, and A308S are
known to shift the maximum wavelength of absorption (lambda max) of red and green visual …

Estimates of L: M cone ratio for males with normal color vision were derived using the flicker-
photometric electroretinogram (ERG). These were obtained by best fitting ERG spectral …

Anomalous trichromacy is the most common minority color vision phenotype, yet the
category label obscures a large range of individual differences both in the underlying …

To analyze the human red, green, and red-green hybrid cone pigments in vivo, we studied
41 male dichromats, each of whose X chromosome carries only a single visual pigment …