Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating
cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of …

The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS)/v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral
oncogene homolog 1 (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK) signaling cascade is …

Efficient DNA mutation detection methods are required for diagnosis, personalized therapy
development, and prognosis assessment for diseases such as cancer. To address this …

Therapeutic selectivity is a critical issue in cancer therapy. As a result of its adjustable
physicochemical characteristics, the Au/cellulose nanocomposite currently holds a lot of …

Mitochondria are one of organelles that undergo significant changes associated with
senescence. An increase in mitochondrial size is observed in senescent cells, and this …

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Fine-needle
aspiration (FNA) biopsy of thyroid nodules has become the gold standard procedure, in …

The BRAF gene is responsible for transferring signals from outside of the cell to inside of the
nucleus by converting a protein namely B-Raf through the RAS/MAPK pathway. This …

Next-generation sequencing has enabled patient selection for targeted drugs, some of
which have shown remarkable efficacy in cancers that have the cognate molecular …

The RAS pathway is a highly conserved cascade of protein-protein interactions and
phosphorylation that is at the heart of signalling networks that govern proliferation …

Background Overproduction of free radicals accompanied with their insufficient
removal/neutralization by antioxidative defense system impairs redox hemostasis in living …