The liberalization of the electricity sector has conducted to the establishment of spot markets,
derivative markets and private bilateral contracts to trade electricity, increasing the …

Global warming contributes to the worldwide goal of a sustainable carbon-neutral society.
Currently, hydroelectric, wind and solar power plants are the most competitive renewable …

The liberalization of energy markets brought full competition to the electric power industry. In
the wholesale sector, producers and retailers submit bids to day-ahead markets, where …

The liberalization of the retail market of electricity increased the tariff choice of end-use
consumers. Retailers compete in the retail market for customers, obtaining private portfolios …

Germany's transition to renewable energy sources for a sustainable future has introduced
variability and instability in the national power grid, thus necessitating innovative solutions to …

Over the last few decades, the electricity sector has experienced several changes, resulting
in different electricity markets (EMs) models and paradigms. In particular, liberalization has …

The worldwide targets for carbon-neutral societies increased the penetration of distributed
generation and storage. Smart cities now play a key role in achieving these targets by …

Electrical energy can be traded in liberalized organized markets or by negotiating private
bilateral contracts. Competitive markets are central systems where market players can …

The increasing penetrations of distributed renewable generation lead to the need for Citizen
Energy Communities. Citizen Energy Communities may be able to be active market players …

The European Union defined ambitious targets for the production of energy from renewable
energy sources. Most European markets trade now high levels of variable renewable energy …