Introduction and hypothesis There has been an increasing need for the terminology on the
conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction to be collated in a clinically …

Background There is variation in the reported incidence rates of levator avulsion (LA) and
paucity of research into its risk factors. Objective To explore the incidence rate of LA by …

BACKGROUND: To compare levator ani defects and pelvic floor function among women
with prolapse and controls. METHODS: Levator ani structure and function were measured in …

Several two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements have been used to assess
changes in pelvic floor structures and shape. These include assessment of urogenital and …

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether levator ani deficiency severity is a predictor of clinically
significant pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to determine whether there is a levator ani …

Objective We sought to describe occurrence, recovery, and consequences of
musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries in women at risk for childbirth-related pelvic floor injury at …

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to correlate the presence of major levator ani
muscle (LAM) injuries on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fecal incontinence (FI) …

OBJECTIVE: To compare levator ani muscle injury rates in primiparous women who had a
forceps delivery owing to fetal distress with women delivered by forceps for second stage …

Introduction and hypothesis It is commonly believed that pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is
associated with cervical elongation. However, cervical lengths have not been formally …

Objective To evaluate whether major levator ani muscle defects were associated with
differences in postoperative vaginal support after primary surgery for pelvic organ prolapse …