In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such
as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living …

Soft robotics technologies are paving the way toward robotic abilities which are vital for a
wide range of applications, including manufacturing, manipulation, gripping, human …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

Over the past 15 years, the field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups
from around the globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led to exciting new …

3D printing (also called “additive manufacturing” or “rapid prototyping”) is able to translate
computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through …

Microrobots that are light and agile yet require no artificial power input can be widely used in
medical, military, and industrial applications. As an actuation system to drive such robots …

Phototaxis is commonly observed in motile photosynthetic microorganisms. For example,
green algae are capable of swimming towards a light source (positive phototaxis) to receive …

Chemically powered micro‐and nanomotors are small devices that are self‐propelled by
catalytic reactions in fluids. Taking inspiration from biomotors, scientists are aiming to find …

Conspectus The formation of well-defined and functional three-dimensional (3D) structures
by buckling of thin sheets subjected to spatially nonuniform stresses is common in biological …

The use of tools can be traced back to the beginning of recorded history and represents a
significant step in the evolution of mankind. A machine is a tool that can perform intended …