Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

Stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) are risk factors for each other; the
comorbidity of these brain disorders in aging individuals represents a significant challenge …

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), early synaptic dysfunction is associated with the increased
oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide, which causes NMDAR-dependent synaptic depression …

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase
with a plethora of substrates. As a modulator of several cellular processes, GSK-3 has a …

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels and are crucial for neuronal
communication. NMDARs form tetrameric complexes that consist of several homologous …

Excitotoxicity, the specific type of neurotoxicity mediated by glutamate, may be the missing
link between ischemia and neuronal death, and intervening the mechanistic steps that lead …

Glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing
an indispensable role in neuronal development and memory formation. The dysregulation of …

Synapses are formed by interneuronal connections that permit a neuronal cell to pass an
electrical or chemical signal to another cell. This passage usually gets damaged or lost in …

The mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor family encodes 18 gene products that
coassemble to form ligand-gated ion channels containing an agonist recognition site, a …

Synaptic loss is the cardinal feature linking neuropathology to cognitive decline in
Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of synaptic damage remains …