In vitro pharmacological profiling is increasingly being used earlier in the drug discovery
process to identify undesirable off-target activity profiles that could hinder or halt the …

Dopamine (DA)-containing neurons involved in the regulation of sleep and waking (W) arise
in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The VTA …

Background: Aripiprazole is an investigational agent for treating schizophrenia that has a
novel pharmacologic profile. The present study investigated the efficacy, safety, and …

Objective: Despite effective pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder, we still lack a
comprehensive pathophysiological model of the illness. Recent neurobiological research …

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter involved in motor control, endocrine function,
reward, cognition and emotion. Dopamine receptors belong to the superfamily of G protein …

Excipients, considered “inactive ingredients,” are a major component of formulated drugs
and play key roles in their pharmacokinetics. Despite their pervasiveness, whether they are …

Based on electrophysiological, neurochemical and neuropharmacological approaches, it is
currently accepted that serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) function to promote waking (W) …

Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area of
the midbrain form the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathways that …

The dopamine D3 receptor is preferentially localized to the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic
system and has been hypothesized to play a role in cocaine addiction. To study the …

The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) has multiple modes of action on neuroplasticity
induction and modulation, depending on subreceptor specificity, concentration level, and the …