Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and
mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose …

Plant architecture fundamentally differs from that of other multicellular organisms in that
individual cells serve as osmotic bricks, defined by the equilibrium between the internal …

Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect
herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant–herbivore …

Assembly of cell wall polysaccharides into specific patterns is required for plant growth. A
complex of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 4 (RALF4) and its cell wall–anchored …

Cell walls are highly dynamic structures that provide mechanical support for plant cells
during growth, development and adaptation to a changing environment. Thus, it is important …

The extracellular pH is a vital regulator of various biological processes in plants. However,
how plants perceive extracellular pH remains obscure. Here, we report that plant cell …

The structural and functional integrity of the cell wall needs to be constantly monitored and
fine‐tuned to allow for growth while preventing mechanical failure. Many studies have …

Plant cell walls are dynamic structures that are synthesized by plants to provide durable
coverings for the delicate cells they encase. They are made of polysaccharides, proteins …

Pressurized cells with strong walls make up the hydrostatic skeleton of plants. Assembly and
expansion of such stressed walls depend on a family of secreted RAPID ALKALINIZATION …

Cell walls define the shape of plant cells, controlling the extent and orientation of cell
elongation, and hence organ growth. The main load-bearing component of plant cell walls is …