Neuronal stimulation is an emerging field in modern medicine to control organ function and
re-establish physiological homeostasis during illness. Transdermal nerve stimulation with …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a diffuse network that regulates physiological
systems to maintain body homeostasis by integrating inputs from the internal and external …

Bioelectronic medicine (BM) is an emerging new approach for developing novel
neuromodulation therapies for pathologies that have been previously treated with …

Pre-clinical research advances our understanding of the vagus nerve-mediated regulation of
immunity and clinical trials successfully utilize electrical vagus nerve stimulation in the …

Baroreceptors are mechanosensitive elements of the peripheral nervous system that
maintain cardiovascular homeostasis by coordinating the responses to external and internal …

Recent evidence has suggested that the carotid bodies might act as immunological sensors,
detecting pro-inflammatory mediators and signalling to the central nervous system, which, in …

Emergent evidence indicates that the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor may sense systemic
inflammatory molecules and is an afferent arm of the anti-inflammatory reflex. Moreover, a …

Carotid bodies (CBs) are peripheral chemoreceptors that sense changes in blood O2, CO2,
and pH levels. Apart from ventilatory control, these organs are deeply involved in the …

The inflammatory storm in the early stage and immunosuppression in the late stage are
responsible for the high mortality rates and multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. In recent …

The carotid body (CB) is a bilateral arterial chemoreceptor located in the carotid artery
bifurcation with an essential role in cardiorespiratory homeostasis. It is composed of highly …