In the early 1950s, Austin and Chang independently described the changes that are
required for the sperm to fertilize oocytes in vivo. These changes were originally grouped …

Human semen contains several trace elements such as calcium (Ca), copper (Cu),
manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) which are necessary for …

The goal of sperm is to fertilize the oocyte. To achieve that purpose, it must acquire motility in
the epididymis and hyperactivated motility in the female reproductive tract. Motility is only …

Sexually reproducing animals require an orchestrated communication between
spermatozoa and the egg to generate a new individual. Capacitation, a maturational …

Ion channels control the sperm ability to fertilize the egg by regulating sperm maturation in
the female reproductive tract and by triggering key sperm physiological responses required …

REPRODUCTION Page 1 REPRODUCTION REVIEW Prostasomes: extracellular vesicles from
the prostate Marian Aalberts1, Tom AE Stout2 and Willem Stoorvogel1 Departments of …

A number of physiological events, such as sperm hyperactivation, chemotaxis towards the
egg, capacitation and acrosome reaction, are triggered by activation of sperm ion channels …

Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation is essential for cell function. Notably, several unique sperm
ion transporters and enzymes whose elimination causes infertility are either pHi dependent …

The sperm‐specific CatSper channel controls the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+] i)
and, thereby, the swimming behaviour of sperm. In humans, CatSper is directly activated by …

The Ca2+ extrusion function of the four mammalian isoforms of the plasma membrane
calcium ATPases (PMCAs) is well established. There is also ever-increasing detail known of …