In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system
known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept …

Background The glymphatic (glial-lymphatic) pathway is a fluid-clearance pathway identified
in the rodent brain in 2012. This pathway subserves the flow of CSF into the brain along …

The glymphatic system, that is aquaporin 4 (AQP4) facilitated exchange of CSF with
interstitial fluid (ISF), may provide a clearance pathway for protein species such as amyloid …

The central nervous system (CNS) is unique in being the only organ system lacking
lymphatic vessels to assist in the removal of interstitial metabolic waste products. Recent …

The glymphatic system is a brain-wide clearance pathway; its impairment contributes to the
accumulation of amyloid-β. Influx of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) depends upon the expression …

Inner ear gene therapy has recently effectively restored hearing in neonatal mice, but it is
complicated in adulthood by the structural inaccessibility of the cochlea, which is embedded …

Background Abnormal aggregation of brain α-synuclein is a central step in the pathogenesis
of Parkinson's disease (PD), thus, it is reliable to promote the clearance of α-synuclein to …

Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs) range broadly in etiology but share remarkably
overlapping pathology. Features of SVD including enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) …

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel expressed on astrocytic endfeet in the brain. The
role of AQP4 has been studied in health and in a range of pathological conditions. Interest in …

The classic concept of the absence of lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system
(CNS), suggesting the immune privilege of the brain in spite of its high metabolic rate, was …