Many errors in data communication cause security attacks in Internet of Things (IoT). Routing
errors at network layer are prominent errors in IoT which degrade the quality of data …

Internet of Things is a new paradigm that is rapidly making progress in the present wireless
communications. It semantically implies a worldwide network of connected objects, uniquely …

An IoT-based wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises many small sensors to collect the
data and share it with the central repositories. These sensors are battery-driven and …

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are mobile networks, which are automatically outspread
on a geographically limited region, without requiring any preexisting infrastructure. Mostly …

MANETs are mobile networks that are spontaneously deployed over a geographically
limited area without requiring any pre-existing infrastructure. Typically, nodes are both …

As nodes' characteristics that they are self-governed and resource-limited, wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) face potential threats due to various attacks, among which the most …

In the generation of wireless communication, MANET has become an undividable and
acceptable part for communication for mobile equipments. Therefore, interest in research of …

The wormhole attack is one of the most treacherous attacks projected at the routing layer
that can bypass cryptographic measures and derail the entire communication network. It is …

Detection of the wormhole attacks is a cumbersome process, particularly simplex and duplex
over the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wormhole attacks are characterized as …

This survey paper shows the state of the art in security mechanisms, where a deep review of
the current research and the status of this topic is carried out. We start by introducing …