Alzheimer's disease (AD) 1− 3 is the most common form of dementia (estimated∼ 50− 60%
of all cases), associated with loss of memory (in particular episodic memory), cognitive …

Transition metals (d-blocks) are recognized as playing critical roles in biology, and they most
often act as cofactors in diverse enzymes; however, improper regulation of transition metal …

Essential metals are crucial for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. Among the 23
elements that have known physiological functions in humans, 12 are metals, including iron …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive impairment;
yet, there is currently no treatment. A buildup of Aβ, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative …

Copper is found in all living organisms and is a crucial trace element in redox chemistry,
growth and development. It is important for the function of several enzymes and proteins …

It is well known that oxidation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of
cellular damage and death and has been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative, and …

Iron is a key nutrient for normal central nervous system (CNS) development and function;
thus, iron deficiency as well as iron excess may result in harmful effects in the CNS …

Background The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of
aerobic metabolism, and while these particular'reactive oxygen species'(ROSs) can exhibit a …

Background Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare genetic
disorder characterised by progressive generalised dystonia and brain iron accumulation …

Alzheimer′ s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting millions of
people worldwide and will continue to affect millions more with population aging on the rise …