Drug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative
affective states, a habit driven by strong stimulus− response associations, or a compulsion …

Behavioural economic theories of addiction contend that greater expected value of drug
relative to alternative non-drug rewards is the core mechanism underpinning vulnerability to …

Substance-use disorders are a global public health problem that arises from behavioral
misallocation between drug use and more adaptive behaviors maintained by nondrug …

Introduction Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) vary on a wide range of
characteristics that may affect reinforcement value and use. One characteristic is the ratio of …

Since its inception, the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA) has iteratively explained
the puzzle of addiction (why drug use persists despite harms) by appealing to various …

Value based choice and compulsion theories of addiction offer distinct explanations for the
persistence of alcohol use despite harms. Choice theory argues that problematic drinkers …

Objectives Research that can provide a scientific foundation for the United States Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) tobacco policy decisions is needed to inform tobacco regulatory …

Tobacco use is a persistent public health issue. It kills up to half its users and is the cause of
nearly 90% of all lung cancers. The main psychoactive component of tobacco is nicotine …

The reinforcing efficacy, or behavior-strengthening effect, of a substance is a critical
determinant of substance use typically quantified by measuring behavioral allocation to the …

Background Variability in decision-making capacity and reward responsiveness may
underlie differences in the ability to abstain from smoking. Computational modeling of choice …