BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

Historically, the thalamus has been viewed as little more than a relay, simply transferring
information to key players of the cast, the cortex and hippocampus, without providing any …

Neuronal ensembles that hold specific memory (memory engrams) have been identified in
the hippocampus, amygdala, or cortex. However, it has been hypothesized that engrams of …

Recent understanding of how the systemic environment shapes the brain throughout life has
led to numerous intervention strategies to slow brain ageing,–. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

The generation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes persists throughout life and is regulated
by neural activity. Here we tested whether experience-driven changes in …

Experience-dependent myelination is hypothesized to shape neural circuit function and
subsequent behavioral output. Using a contextual fear memory task in mice, we demonstrate …

Memories of fearful events can last a lifetime. The prelimbic (PL) cortex, a subregion of
prefrontal cortex, plays a critical role in fear memory retrieval over time. Most studies have …

Remote memories depend on coordinated activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortices,
but the timeline of these interactions is debated. Astrocytes sense and modify neuronal …

The adaptive regulation of fear memories is a crucial neural function that prevents
inappropriate fear expression. Fear memories can be acquired through contextual fear …

Episodic memories are multifaceted and malleable, capable of being transformed with time
and experience at both the neural level and psychological level. At the neural level, episodic …