Causes of evolutionary rate variation among protein sites

J Echave, SJ Spielman, CO Wilke - Nature Reviews Genetics, 2016 - nature.com
It has long been recognized that certain sites within a protein, such as sites in the protein
core or catalytic residues in enzymes, are evolutionarily more conserved than other sites …

HIV-1 adaptation to HLA: a window into virus–host immune interactions

JM Carlson, AQ Le, A Shahid, ZL Brumme - Trends in microbiology, 2015 - cell.com
HIV-1 develops specific mutations within its genome that allow it to escape detection by
human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted immune responses, notably those of CD8+ …

Increased HIV-1 vaccine efficacy against viruses with genetic signatures in Env V2

M Rolland, PT Edlefsen, BB Larsen, S Tovanabutra… - Nature, 2012 - nature.com
The RV144 trial demonstrated 31% vaccine efficacy at preventing human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)-1 infection. Antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope variable loops 1 and 2 (Env …

Influence of HLA-C expression level on HIV control

R Apps, Y Qi, JM Carlson, H Chen, X Gao, R Thomas… - Science, 2013 - science.org
A variant upstream of human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) shows the most significant
genome-wide effect on HIV control in European Americans and is also associated with the …

HIV-1 adaptation to NK-cell-mediated immune pressure

G Alter, D Heckerman, A Schneidewind, L Fadda… - Nature, 2011 - nature.com
Natural killer (NK) cells have an important role in the control of viral infections, recognizing
virally infected cells through a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors,,. Epidemiological …

Whole genome deep sequencing of HIV-1 reveals the impact of early minor variants upon immune recognition during acute infection

MR Henn, CL Boutwell, P Charlebois… - PLoS …, 2012 - journals.plos.org
Deep sequencing technologies have the potential to transform the study of highly variable
viral pathogens by providing a rapid and cost-effective approach to sensitively characterize …

Selection bias at the heterosexual HIV-1 transmission bottleneck

JM Carlson, M Schaefer, DC Monaco, R Batorsky… - Science, 2014 - science.org
Introduction Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission is an inefficient process with rates reported at<
1% per unprotected sexual exposure. When transmission occurs, systemic infection is …

HLA-associated immune escape pathways in HIV-1 subtype B Gag, Pol and Nef proteins

ZL Brumme, M John, JM Carlson, CJ Brumme, D Chan… - PloS one, 2009 - journals.plos.org
Background Despite the extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1, viral evolution in response to
immune selective pressures follows broadly predictable mutational patterns. Sites and …

Correction for hidden confounders in the genetic analysis of gene expression

J Listgarten, C Kadie, EE Schadt… - Proceedings of the …, 2010 - National Acad Sciences
Understanding the genetic underpinnings of disease is important for screening, treatment,
drug development, and basic biological insight. One way of getting at such an …

A genome-to-genome analysis of associations between human genetic variation, HIV-1 sequence diversity, and viral control

I Bartha, JM Carlson, CJ Brumme, PJ McLaren… - elife, 2013 - elifesciences.org
HIV-1 sequence diversity is affected by selection pressures arising from host genomic
factors. Using paired human and viral data from 1071 individuals, we ran> 3000 genome …