Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in the United States and around the globe.
Therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy …

Recently, in the field of cancer treatment, the paradigm has changed to immunotherapy that
activates the immune system to induce cancer attacks. Among them, immune checkpoint …

The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint
(IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of …

PURPOSE This phase I/II study evaluated tremelimumab (anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte–
associated antigen-4 monoclonal antibody) and durvalumab (antiprogrammed death ligand …

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has
achieved considerable success in the clinic. However, ICIs are significantly limited by the …

It has been more than three decades since the first monoclonal antibody was approved by
the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 1986, and during this time …

Importance Checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death 1 or its ligand (PD-L1) as
monotherapies or in combination with anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 …

Targeting checkpoints of immune cell activation has been demonstrated to be the most
effective approach for activation of anti-tumor immune responses. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte …

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. In the past
decade, significant advances have been made in the science of non–small cell lung cancer …

Although T lymphocytes have long been appreciated for their role in the immunosurveillance
of cancer, it has been the realization that cancer cells may ultimately escape a response …