Local anesthetic injected into a wedge-shaped space lateral to the spinal nerves as they
emerge from the intervertebral foramina produces somatosensory and sympathetic nerve …

Though once considered the gold standard, epidural anaesthesia has complications that
may be significant and include hypotension, urinary retention, partial or patchy block and, in …

Introduction Thoracic epidurals (TE) have been advocated as a superior method for
controlling postoperative pain after repair of pectus excavatum with a N uss procedure …

BACKGROUND: Rib fractures are commonly encountered in the setting of trauma. The aim
of this study was to assess the association between the clinical outcome of rib fracture and …

Treating acute pain after thoracotomy surgery and preventing the development of chronic
post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (PTPS) remain significant challenges in this surgical …

Pain management plays a fundamental role in enhanced recovery after surgery pathways.
The concept of multimodal analgesia in providing a balanced and effective approach to …

Even though thoracotomy is associated with significant postoperative complications, a
growing understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and advances in multimodal pain …

With the advent of fast-track pathways after cardiac surgery, there has been a renewed
interest in regional anesthesia due to its opioid-sparing effect. This paradigm shift, looking to …

Methods An exhaustive search covering the years 2005 to 2015 was conducted in June
2015, using PubMed (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed). A combination of the …

Pain after thoracic surgery can be severe and, in the acute phase, contribute to perioperative
morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, patients also incur a significant risk of chronic pain …