Azobenzenes are archetypal molecules that have a central role in fundamental and applied
research. Over the course of almost two centuries, the area of azobenzenes has witnessed …

The second near-infrared window (NIR-II window), which ranges from 1000 to 1700 nm in
wavelength, exhibits distinctive advantages of reduced light scattering and thus deep …

Neural circuitry is typically modulated via invasive brain implants and tethered optical fibres
in restrained animals. Here we show that wide-field illumination in the second near-infrared …

Neural activities can be modulated by leveraging light-responsive nanomaterials as
interfaces for exerting photothermal, photoelectrochemical or photocapacitive effects on …

Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience research through its spatiotemporally precise
activation of specific neurons by illuminating light on opsin-expressing neurons. A long …

Epilepsy is a prevalent and severe neurological disorder and generally requires prolonged
electrode implantation and tether brain stimulation in refractory cases. However, implants …

Cellular membrane area is a key parameter for any living cell that is tightly regulated to
avoid membrane damage. Changes in area-to-volume ratio are known to be critical for cell …

Regulating the activity of specific neurons is essentially important in neurocircuit dissection
and neuropathy therapy. As a recently developed strategy, nanomaterial‐enabled …

Organic semiconductors are typically dissolved in organic solvents that are harmful to
human health and the environment. To overcome this issue, these materials can be …

Ionic conductivity and membrane capacitance are two foundational parameters that govern
neuron excitability. Conventional optogenetics has emerged as a powerful tool to …