The energy expended to transport the body over a given distance (C, the energy cost)
increases with speed both on land and in water. At any given speed, C is lower on land (eg …

Water covers over 70% of the earth, has varying depths and temperatures and contains
much of the earth's resources. Head-out water immersion (HOWI) or submersion at various …

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the energy cost of swimming, body
composition, and technical parameters on swimming performance in young swimmers …

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relative contribution of the aerobic
(Aer), anaerobic lactic (AnL) and alactic (AnAl) energy sources during each of the four laps …

A well-planned periodized approach allows swimmers to achieve peak performance at the
major national and international competitions. Purpose: To identify the main characteristics …

The energy cost to swim a unit distance (C sw) is given by the ratio ̇ E/v where ̇ E is the
net metabolic power and v is the swimming speed. The contribution of the aerobic and …

The aim of this study was:(1) to assess the energy cost of swimming (C s, kJ km− 1) in a
group of male (n= 5) and female (n= 5) elite swimmers specialised in long-distance …

The propelling efficiency of the arm stroke (η P) was estimated in a group of 63 male and
female subjects (9–59 years of age) of good technical skill, swimming the front crawl at sub …

Introduction: In youth swimming, researchers are interested in understanding how
anthropometry and parameters related to swimming technique (biomechanics, energetics …

In this paper a complete energy balance for water locomotion is attempted with the aim of
comparing different modes of transport in the aquatic environment (swimming underwater …