Cessation from chronic alcohol abuse often produces a dysphoric state that can persist into
protracted withdrawal. This dysphoric state is theorized to function as a negative reinforcer …

Recent findings suggest that the mesolimbic dopamine neurons, known to promote cocaine-
seeking behavior, are strongly inhibited by a newly characterized region of the midbrain …

Rationale Acute cocaine administration produces an initial rewarding state followed by a
dysphoric/anxiogenic “crash.” Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether …

Cocaine has been shown to produce both initial rewarding and delayed anxiogenic effects.
Although the neurobiology of cocaine's rewarding effects has been well studied, the …

Endogenous circadian oscillators orchestrate rhythms at the cellular, physiological, and
behavioral levels across species to coordinate activity, for example, sleep/wake cycles …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has evolved as a promising alternative treatment for
Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood …

Rationale Cocaine produces significant aversive/anxiogenic actions whose underlying
neurobiology remains unclear. A possible substrate contributing to these actions is the …

Recent work has implicated the Lateral Habenula (LHb) in the production of anxiogenic and
aversive states. It is innervated by all the major monoamine neurotransmitter systems and …

The research presented in this dissertation characterizes the manifestation and
neurobiological underpinnings of negative affect during alcohol withdrawal in adult and …

In alcohol-dependent humans, cessation of alcohol consumption produces a dysphoric,
anxiogenic state that can persist into protracted withdrawal. This aversive withdrawal …