Upon receipt in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord, nociceptive (pain-signalling)
information from the viscera, skin and other organs is subject to extensive processing by a …

Alzheimer's disease is the fourth largest cause of death for people over 65 years of age.
Dementia of Alzheimer's type is the commonest form of dementia, the other two forms being …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Memantine received marketing authorization from the European Agency for the Evaluation
of Medicinal Products (EMEA) for the treatment of moderately severe to severe Alzheimer's …

Neuropathic pain, generally defined as a chronic pain state resulting from peripheral or
central nerve injury, can devastate the lives of patients and their families and friends. The …

Background N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists reverse hyperalgesia during
morphine infusion in male mice only. Because the melanocortin-1 receptor can act as a …

Opioids are extensively used analgesics yet can paradoxically increase pain sensitivity in
humans and rodents. This hyperalgesia is extensively conceptualized to be a consequence …

Rationale. Inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by memantine, an NMDA-
receptor antagonist, and other antagonists of ionotropic receptors for glutamate inhibit the …

Hyperalgesia following chronic morphine treatment is thought to be a response to opioid
receptor activation and analgesia and contribute to the development of analgesic tolerance …

Previous studies demonstrated that Withania somnifera Dunal (WS), a safe medicinal plant,
prevents the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine. In the present …