In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited a major step change in its …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused millions of
deaths and substantial morbidity worldwide. Intense scientific effort to understand the …

The first dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA. 1 harbours 35 mutations in its Spike
protein from the original SARS‐CoV‐2 variant that emerged late 2019. Soon after its …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) offer a treatment option for individuals with severe COVID-19
and are especially important in high-risk individuals where vaccination is not an option …

After the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2, some BA. 2 subvariants,
including BA. 2.9. 1, BA. 2.11, BA. 2.12. 1, BA. 4, and BA. 5, emerged in multiple countries …

Background The emergence of immune-escape variants of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 warrants the use of sequence-adapted vaccines to provide …

Abstract Since SARS-CoV-2 BA. 5 (Omicron) emerged and spread in 2022, Omicron
lineages have markedly diversified. Here we review the evolutionary trajectories and …

Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2, BA. 4, and BA. 5 lineages has led to
the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA. 2.75. 2, BA. 4.6. and BQ. 1.1. The …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry
distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant of
concern comprises several sublineages, with BA. 2 and BA. 2.12. 1 having replaced the …