Owing to the environmental friendliness, renewability, and biodegradability of biomass,
tremendous efforts have been devoted to use them as promising carbon precursors in …

Lignin is one of the most abundant natural polymers and is affordable, has high carbon
content and abundant active functional groups. At present, lignin-derived carbon is …

Surface area and porosity are important physical properties of biochar, playing a crucial role
in many biochar applications, such as wastewater treatment and soil remediation. The …

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are truly promising contenders for the future large-scale
electrical energy storage applications due to their cost-effectiveness, environmental …

Hybrid capacitors are emerging because of their ability to store large amounts of energy,
cycle through charges quickly, and maintain stability even in harsh environments or at …

Increased energy consumption stimulates the development of various energy types. As a
result, the storage of these different types of energy becomes a key issue. Supercapacitors …

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with
permanent porosity and highly ordered structures. Unlike other polymers, a significant …

Pristine graphene has been considered one of the most promising materials because of its
excellent physical and chemical properties. However, various defects in graphene produced …

Activated carbon (AC) is an important material in various fields owing to its low cost, well-
developed porosity, and favorable chemical stability. Key factors for the optimal synthesis of …

The advanced electrochemical properties, such as high energy density, fast charge–
discharge rates, excellent cyclic stability, and specific capacitance, make supercapacitor a …