The birth of the twenty first century has provoked a substantial rise in the use of designer
drugs, such as synthetic cathinones, because of a decrease in the availability and purity of …

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”) is a drug of abuse used by millions
worldwide. MDMA human abuse and dependence is well described, but addictive properties …

Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been seen as a disorder caused by degeneration of the
dopaminergic system, leading to the classic motor manifestations of the disease. However …

Abstract N-Methyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy is a recreational
drug of abuse. It is a synthetic substance that affects the body's systems, which its …

Several mechanisms underlying 3, 4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA)
neurotoxicity have been proposed, including neurochemical alterations and excitotoxicity …

The interaction between MDMA and Nicotine affects multiple brain centres and
neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, dopamine and glutamate) involved in motor …

Designer drugs are synthetically formulated to mimic the psychostimulatory effects of an
original controlled/illegal drug of abuse. Designer drugs have similar chemical structure or …

OBJECTIVE: Drugs affecting dopaminergic neurotransmission may exert toxic and beneficial
effects that persist after discontinuation by modulating gene expression in key brain regions …

The abuse of licit and illicit drugs is a worldwide issue that is a cause for concern in pregnant
women. It may lead to complications in pregnancy that may affect the mother, fetus, and/or …

Los trastornos por consumo de sustancias asocian síntomas cognitivos, somáticos y
comportamentales que se dan a pesar de las consecuencias negativas que supone el …