The objective of this article is to present a broad review of the role of cardiac electric rotors
and their accompanying spiral waves in the mechanism of cardiac fibrillation. At the outset …

Kléber, André G., and Yoram Rudy. Basic Mechanisms of Cardiac Impulse Propagation and
Associated Arrhythmias. Physiol Rev 84: 431–488, 2004; 10.1152/physrev. 00025.2003 …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and the major
cardiac cause of stroke. Recent studies in patients with paroxysmal AF have shown that the …

In this review article about fibrosis and arrhythmias, we show that the amount of collagen, a
normal element of the heart muscle, increases with age and in heart disease. The relation …

▪ Abstract Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the major immediate cause of sudden cardiac death.
Traditionally, VF has been defined as turbulent cardiac electrical activity, which implies a …

Voltage-gated sodium channels drive the initial depolarization phase of the cardiac action
potential and therefore critically determine conduction of excitation through the heart. In …

Connexin43 (Cx43), the predominant ventricular gap junction protein, is critical for
maintaining normal cardiac electrical conduction, and its absence in the mouse heart results …

Recent studies suggest that atrial fibrillation (AF) is maintained by fibrillatory conduction
emanating from a small number of high-frequency reentrant sources (rotors). Our goal was …

Multiple electrode mapping of the ventricles during complex tachyarrhythmias has revealed
focal subendocardial activation whose mechanism remains unexplained. We hypothesized …

It is traditionally assumed that impulse propagation in cardiac muscle is determined by the
combination of two factors:(1) the active properties of cardiac cell membranes and (2) the …