Advances in attosecond spectroscopy have enabled tracing and controlling the electron
motion dynamics in matter, although they have yielded insufficient information about the …

Modern electronics are founded on switching the electrical signal by radio frequency
electromagnetic fields on the nanosecond time scale, limiting the information processing to …

Measuring transient optical fields is pivotal not only for understanding ultrafast phenomena
but also for the quantitative detection of various molecular species in a sample. Here we …

Optical non-linearities play a crucial role in enabling efficient and ultrafast switching
applications that are essential for next-generation photonic devices. ZnS phosphor material …

In the last decade, advancements in attosecond spectroscopy have allowed us to study
electron motion dynamics in condensed matter. The access to these electron dynamics and …

Attosecond science has leveraged the highly nonlinear interactions between intense few-
cycle laser pulses and matter, allowing for unprecedented observation and control of …

In many scientific and engineering fields, the physical properties of materials can become a
vital factor that limits the development of technologies or opens a new pathway to emerging …

Electric-field oscillations are now experimentally accessible in the THz-to-PHz frequency
range1–11. Their measurement delivers the most comprehensive information content …

The electron motion in atoms and molecules is at the heart of all phenomena in nature that
occur outside the nucleus. Recently, ultrafast electron and X-ray imaging tools have been …

The advancement of the ultrafast pulse shaping and waveform synthesis allowed to
coherently control the atomic and electronic motions in matter. In this work, we demonstrate …