Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

Degradable polymers are used widely in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Maturing capabilities in additive manufacturing coupled with advances in orthogonal …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

Graft-host mechanical mismatch has been a longstanding issue in clinical applications of
synthetic scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration. Although numerous efforts have been …

Micropatterned materials have developed in nature over 3.8 billion years, with remarkable
performance. Nature inspiration is the process of understanding biological mechanisms and …

As a kind of smart material, shape memory polymer (SMP) shows great application potential
in the biomedical field. Compared with traditional metal‐based medical devices, SMP …

Soft robotics has grown rapidly as an attractive manufacturing technique at
micro/nanoscales, especially in the field of biomedical engineering, due to its mobility and …

The development of programmable functional biomaterials makes 4D printing add a new
dimension, time (t), based on 3D structures (x, y, z), therefore, 4D printed constructs could …

Nature's material systems during evolution have developed the ability to respond and adapt
to environmental stimuli through the generation of complex structures capable of varying …