Urbanisation has replaced vegetation and natural spaces with hard and impervious surfaces
and this transition in cities has led to a sequence of adverse events in urban ecosystems …

Open spaces in tropical climates are highly exposed to solar radiation. These conditions will
influence the outdoor energy budget, leading to an increased heat island effect and reduced …

To study the leaf area index, LAI, based thermal performance in distinguishing trees for
Cairo's urban developments, ENVI-met plants database was used as platform for a foliage …

Tree morphology and characteristics are quite different among different tree species, leading
to large differences in cooling performance across tree species, particularly across different …

Crown shapes of common European urban tree species differ from tree species to tree
species and are modified by the age of a tree and its local environment. A tree's crown …

This paper discusses a conceptual review of local and micro scale approaches that
incorporate the principles of sustainable landscape design as mitigating strategies to …

Plant transpiration through stomata is crucial in land surface physical processes and the
hydrosphere-atmosphere-biosphere water vapor cycle. Applying stomatal models to vertical …

Urban residents are suffer from increased heat stress because of urban heat island
intensification in combination with global climate change. Trees have been widely used for …

Hot-humid areas have long, hot summers and poor outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). The
urban heat island (UHI) effect exacerbates the deterioration of OTC in hot-humid areas …

Urban environments in humid subtropical climates, like Roorkee, India, often experience
high summer temperatures and uncomfortable outdoor thermal conditions. However, the …