Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation,
pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as …

Nearly one-third of deaths in the United States are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD)
each year. In the past, CVD was thought to mainly affect men, leading to the exclusion of …

Mitophagy serves as a cardinal regulator in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity,
function, and cardiovascular homeostasis, through the fine control and governance of …

Decades of research have revealed numerous differences in brain structure size,
connectivity and metabolism between males and females. Sex differences in …

Autophagy is an important physiological process in the heart, and alterations in autophagic
activity can exacerbate or mitigate injury during various pathological processes. Methods to …

Autophagy, an evolutionary conserved intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic process,
is an important mechanism for cellular homeostasis and survival during pathologic stress …

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and
morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including …

Background Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) are widely used to study the
endothelial physiology and pathology that might be involved in sex and gender differences …

Mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) has declined over recent decades, which could be
attributed in large part to improved treatment methods. Early reperfusion is the cornerstone …

Nearly all diseases in humans, to a certain extent, exhibit sex differences, including
differences in the onset, progression, prevention, therapy, and prognosis of diseases …