Inflammation is central to pathogenic processes in diabetes mellitus and the metabolic
syndrome and particularly implicates innate immunity in the development of complications …

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and remains the leading cause of
blindness among the working-age population. For decades, diabetic retinopathy was …

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a widely used growth supplement in the in vitro culturing of
animal and human cells, tissues and organs, notably due to the occurrence of abundant …

The targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a crucial regulator of both
normal and pathological angiogenesis, has revealed innovative therapeutic approaches in …

The choriocapillaris is the innermost structure of the choroid that directly nourishes the
retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. This article provides an overview of its …

Angiogenesis is a significant event in a wide range of healthy and diseased conditions. This
process frequently involves vasodilation and an increase in vascular permeability …

As the age of the population increases in many nations, age‐related degenerative diseases
pose significant socioeconomic challenges. One of the key degenerative diseases that …

Recent discoveries of endogenous negative regulators of angiogenesis, thrombospondin,
angiostatin and glioma-derived angiogenesis inhibitory factor, all associated with …

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is induced in cells exposed to
hypoxia or ischemia. Neovascularization stimulated by VEGF occurs in several important …

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