Soil microbiomes drive key functions in agroecosystems, determining soil fertility, crop
productivity and stress tolerance. The microbiome is intricately linked with soil structure …

Combustion is a reactive oxidation process that releases energy bound in chemical
compounds used as fuels─ energy that is needed for power generation, transportation …

Climate tipping points occur when change in a part of the climate system becomes self-
perpetuating beyond a warming threshold, leading to substantial Earth system impacts …

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
have made significant contributions to global warming since the pre-industrial period and …

Atmospheric methane growth reached an exceptionally high rate of 15.1±0.4 parts per
billion per year in 2020 despite a probable decrease in anthropogenic methane emissions …

Enhancing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink (referred to as terrestrial C sink) is an
important way to slow down the continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost
ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much …

Arctic permafrost stores nearly 1,700 billion metric tons of frozen and thawing carbon.
Anthropogenic warming threatens to release an unknown quantity of this carbon to the …

Agriculture and land use are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but
previous estimates were either highly aggregate or provided spatial details for subsectors …