Many species of bivalve mollusks (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia) are important in
fisheries and aquaculture, whilst others are critical to ecosystem structure and function …

A variety of bivalve mollusks (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia) constitute a prominent
commodity in fisheries and aquacultures, but are also crucial in order to preserve our …

Bivalves are comprised of animals unclosed in two shell valves, such as mussels, oysters,
scallops and clams. There are about 7,500 bivalve species and some of them are of …

Scallops are a cosmopolitan family of bivalves, and some of them are highly prized as
dominant aquaculture species. In the past decades, there have been increasing studies on …

Non-self recognition with the consequent tolerance or immune reaction is a crucial process
to succeed as living organisms. At the same time the interactions between host species and …

The study of molluscan immune systems, in particular those of bivalve molluscs (eg, clams,
oysters, scallops, mussels), has experienced great growth in recent decades, mainly due to …

The marine mussel Mytilus edulis and its closely related sister species are distributed world-
wide and play an important role in coastal ecology and economy. The diversification in …

The economical and phylogenic importance of mollusc has led an increasing number of
investigations giving emphasis to immune defense mechanism. This review discusses the …

Background The Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is a worldwide cultured bivalve
species with important commercial value. Diseases affecting this species can result in large …

Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) is an important pattern recognition receptor in
innate immunity that is vital for bacterial recognition and defense in insects. Few studies …