North Africa is home to more than 200 million people living across five developing
economies (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco) and two Spanish exclaves (Ceuta …

Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are important reservoirs and vectors of
pathogens. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dynamic of the prevalence …

Ixodes ricinus is the most widely distributed tick species in Europe. Mainly deciduous and
mixed forests, pastures, and urban parks are habitats preferred by this species. I. ricinus …

The genus Borrelia has been divided into Borreliella spp., which can cause Lyme Disease
(LD), and Borrelia spp., which can cause Relapsing Fever (RF). The distribution of genus …

Current and likely future changes in the geographic distribution of ticks belonging to the
genus Hyalomma are of concern, as these ticks are believed to be vectors of many …

Ticks are important vectors of many pathogens in Europe, where the most impactful species
is Ixodes ricinus. Recently, the geographical distribution of this tick species has been …

Tropical theileriosis, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis are the most dominant tick-borne
infections in North Africa where they cause significant economic losses in ruminants' …

Birds play a role in maintaining tick-borne diseases by contributing to the multiplication of
ticks and pathogens on a local scale during the breeding season. In the present study, we …

Among the most studied mammals in terms of their role in the spread of various pathogens
with possible zoonotic effects are bats. These are animals with a very complex lifestyle, diet …

Ticks are obligatory hematophagous parasites that serve as vectors for a large amount of
important human and livestock pathogens around the world, and their distribution and …