Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype and functions are regulated by the
surrounding micro‐environment. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) …

The rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant challenge to the field of
infectious disease treatment. To overcome this problem, novel strategies are being explored …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

The epidemiology of infectious causes of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa is not well
understood, and a common cause of meningitis in this region, Mycobacterium tuberculosis …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), induces formation of
granulomas, structures in which immune cells and bacteria colocalize. Macrophages are …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading
infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB …

Autophagy modulates lipid turnover, cell survival, inflammation, and atherogenesis.
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) plays a crucial role in lysosome function. Here, we …

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading cause of death by any single infectious agent,
accounting for around 1.7 million annual deaths globally, despite several interventions and …

Background and objective With the worldwide emergence of highly drug‐resistant
tuberculosis (TB), novel agents that have direct antimycobacterial effects or that enhance …

MPT64 is one of the secreted proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Little is known
about its role in infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we demonstrated that …