Background Cirrhosis is the outcome of chronic liver disease of any etiology due to
progressive liver injury and fibrosis. Consequently, cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension …

This review describes current approaches to the management of patients with cirrhotic
ascites in relation to the severity of its clinical manifestations. The PubMed database, the …

The Billroth III guidelines were developed during a consensus meeting of the Austrian
Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ÖGGH) and the Austrian Society of …

The Billroth IV consensus was developed during a consensus meeting of the Austrian
Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ÖGGH) and the Austrian Society of …

Background Refractory ascites (RA) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis, requiring large
volume paracentesis or placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt …

Initially defined among older adults, frailty and sarcopenia are now appreciated in all forms
of chronic diseases including end-stage liver disease (ESLD). 1 Greater than 50% of …

Liver cirrhosis is a health problem worldwide, and ascites is its principal symptom.
Refractory ascites is intractable and occurs in 5%–10% of all patients with ascites due to …

The automated low‐flow ascites pump (alfapump) is an implantable device that drains
ascites directly into the urinary bladder. We studied its safety (absence of serious …

Among the various risky complications of liver cirrhosis, refractory ascites is associated with
poor survival of cirrhotics and persistently worsens their quality of life (QOL). Major clinical …

Background and aims Patients with cirrhotic refractory ascites ineligible for transjugular
intrahepatic shunt (TIPSS) have limited treatment options apart from repeated large volume …