Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism primarily involves the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and
indole pathways. A variety of bioactive compounds produced via Trp metabolism can …

Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor
microenvironment (TME) in liver cancer. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are …

The use of probiotics by cancer patients is increasing, including among those undergoing
immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Here, we elucidate a critical microbial-host …

The composition of the gut microbiome can control innate and adaptive immunity and has
emerged as a key regulator of tumor growth, especially in the context of immune checkpoint …

Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response.
These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into
different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such …

Epidemiological studies have indicated an association between statin use and reduced
incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), and work in preclinical models has demonstrated a …

The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the
gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host …

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer is not only a biological hallmark but also reveals
treatment vulnerabilities. Numerous metabolic molecules have shown promise as treatment …

Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in
human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases …