Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) combine methods, approaches, and concepts derived from
neurophysiology, computer science, and engineering in an effort to establish real-time …

The skin is our largest sensory organ and innervated by afferent fibers carrying tactile
information to the spinal cord and onto the brain. The density with which different classes of …

Since the pioneering work of Penfield and his colleagues in the 1930s, the somatosensory
cortex, which is located on the postcentral gyrus, has been known for its central role in …

The sense of proprioception allows us to keep track of our limb posture and movements and
the sense of touch provides us with information about objects with which we come into …

Pioneering work with nonhuman primates and recent human studies established
intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as a method of …

The self-organized map, an architecture suggested for artificial neural networks, is explained
by presenting simulation experiments and practical applications. The self-organizing map …

Following arm amputation the region that represented the missing hand in primary
somatosensory cortex (S1) becomes deprived of its primary input, resulting in changed …

Almost everyone who has a limb amputated will experience a phantom limb--the vivid
impression that the limb is not only still present, but in some cases, painful. There is now a …

Over the past four decades, research has revealed that cells in the hippocampal formation
provide an exquisitely detailed representation of an animal's current location and heading …

After limited sensory deafferentations in adult primates, somatosensory cortical maps
reorganize over a distance of 1 to 2 millimeters mediolaterally, that is, in the dimension …