Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer
immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV …

An important role of the immune system is in the surveillance for abnormal or transformed
cells, which is known as cancer immunosurveillance. Through this process, the first changes …

Virus‐like particle (VLP) technology seeks to harness the optimally tuned immunostimulatory
properties of natural viruses while omitting the infectious trait. VLPs that assemble from a …

Several nanoparticle platforms are currently being developed for applications in medicine,
including both synthetic materials and naturally occurring bionanomaterials such as viral …

Peptide-based subunit vaccines are of great interest in modern immunotherapy as they are
safe, easy to produce and well defined. However, peptide antigens produce a relatively …

Cancer is one of the most common diseases afflicting people globally. New therapeutic
approaches are needed due to the complexity of cancer as a disease. Many current …

Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) can induce potent B cell responses. Some non-
chimeric VLP-based vaccines are highly successful licensed products (eg, hepatitis B …

Concurrent with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first therapeutic
cancer vaccine, a wide spectrum of other cancer vaccine platforms that target a diverse …

The concept of therapeutic cancer vaccines is based on the activation of the immune system
against tumor cells after the presentation of tumor antigens. Nanoparticles (NPs) have …

Virus‐like particles (VLPs) mimic the whole construct of virus particles devoid of viral
genome as used in subunit vaccine design. VLPs can elicit efficient protective immunity as …