Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are globally challenging due to widespread circulation and
high mortality rates. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains like H5N1 have …

The lung is a vital organ that incessantly faces external environmental challenges. Its
homeostasis and unimpeded vital function are ensured by the respiratory epithelium …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, claiming the lives of up to
1.5 million individuals annually. TB is caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium …

The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain
inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke, which promotes neuronal death and …

Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, therefore lung cancer epidemiological trends
reflect the past trends of cigarette smoking to a great extent. The geographic patterns in …

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting over 200 million people in multiple organs,
including the lungs. Despite this, there is little understanding of pulmonary immune …

Dendritic cell (DC)-targeted delivery of mRNA is a prominent method to boost the efficacy of
mRNA tumor vaccines. The targeting ligands are often modified on nanocarriers by …

Emerging viral diseases, including seasonal illnesses and pandemics, pose significant
global public health risks. Respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses and influenza …

Epithelial/immune interactions are characterized by the different properties of the various
epithelial tissues, the mediators involved, and the varying immune cells that initiate, sustain …

Introduction Although detrimental effects of combustible cigarettes (CCs) on the progression
of lung inflammatory diseases are well known, changes in electronic nicotine delivery …