The geological record shows that abrupt changes in the Earth system can occur on
timescales short enough to challenge the capacity of human societies to adapt to …

Ecologists have long studied patterns, directions and tempos of change, but there is a
pressing need to extend current understanding to empirical observations of abrupt changes …

One of the most prominent climate tipping elements is the Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation (AMOC), which can potentially collapse because of the input of fresh water in the …

Current policies and actions make it very likely, at least temporarily, to overshoot the Paris
climate targets of 1.5–< 2.0° C above pre-industrial levels. If this global warming range is …

There exists a range of subsystems in the climate system exhibiting threshold behaviour
which could be triggered under global warming within this century resulting in severe …

Regime shifts are large, abrupt, and persistent critical transitions in the function and structure
of ecosystems. Yet, it is unknown how these transitions will interact, whether the occurrence …

Non-technical summary Transforming towards global sustainability requires a dramatic
acceleration of social change. Hence, there is growing interest in finding 'positive tipping …

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is a potentially unstable component of the Earth system and
may exhibit a critical transition under ongoing global warming. Mass reductions of the GrIS …

Palaeorecords suggest that the climate system has tipping points, where small changes in
forcing cause substantial and irreversible alteration to Earth system components called …

Tipping elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …