Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer
of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming …

Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification,
depending on the site (s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular …

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a disorder characterized by a variety of clinical features
including cachectic dwarfism, severe neurological manifestations including microcephaly …

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) can regulate the catalytic activity of pyruvate
decarboxylation oxidation via the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and it …

Background: Phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accounts for
the pathogenesis of a variety of vascular diseases during the early stage. Recent studies …

Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) is a structural link
between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). MAM regulates Ca2+ transport from …

Mitochondria are crucial bioenergetics powerhouses and biosynthetic hubs within cells,
which can generate and sequester toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to …

Aims Recent studies have revealed a close connection between cellular metabolism and the
chronic inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. While the link between systemic …

Abstract Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is an important mitochondrial matrix
enzyme in cellular energy regulation. Previous studies suggested that PDK4 is increased in …

Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial morphology provides cells with the flexibility required to
adapt and respond to electron transport chain (ETC) toxins and mitochondrial DNA-linked …