The observed uneven distribution of economic activity across space is influenced by
variation in exogenous geographical characteristics and endogenous interactions between …

This paper reviews recent research on geography and trade. One of the key empirical
findings over the last decade has been the role of geography in shaping the distributional …

Purpose (1) A concern often expressed in relation to cryptocurrencies is the environmental
impact associated with increasing energy consumption and mining pollution. Controversy …

Large-scale transport infrastructure investments connect both large metropolitan centres of
production as well as small peripheral regions. Are the resulting trade cost reductions a …

The authors show how a common approach that emphasizes the three-way interaction
among increasing returns, transportation costs, and the movement of productive factors can …

In 1986, the economist Wilfred J. Ethier, in seeking to explain the existence of multinational
enterprises (MNEs), concluded that 'internalization appears to be emerging as the Caesar of …

This paper considers the empirical literature on the nature and sources of urban increasing
returns, also known as agglomeration economies. An important aspect of these externalities …

Trade is a cornerstone concept in economics worldwide. This updated second edition of the
essential graduate textbook in international trade brings readers to the forefront of …

In this paper, I examine the spatial correlation between wages and consumer purchasing
power across US counties to see whether regional demand linkages contribute to spatial …

This paper develops a theoretical model of location choice under imperfect competition to
formalize the notion that firms prefer to locate “where the markets are.” The profitability of a …