Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers globally. A unique aspect of CRC
is its intimate association with the gut microbiota, which forms an essential part of the tumour …

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary
field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential …

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a potential strategy to overcome
resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with refractory melanoma; however …

Oncogenesis is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, and stool shotgun metagenomic
sequencing in individuals with this condition might constitute a non-invasive approach for …

Our understanding of how the microbiota affects the balance between response to and
failure of cancer treatment by modulating the tumour microenvironment and systemic …

Gut bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have important effects on
immune cells and the gut. SCFAs derive from the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut …

Multiple clinical trials targeting the gut microbiome are being conducted to optimize
treatment outcomes for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). To improve the success of these …

The gut microbiota modulates immune processes both locally and systemically. This
includes whether and how the immune system reacts to emerging tumours, whether …

Historically, cancer research and therapy have focused on malignant cells and their tumor
microenvironment. However, the vascular, lymphatic and nervous systems establish long …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can stimulate antitumor immunity but can also induce toxicities
termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Colitis is a common and severe irAE that …