In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor
immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (eg, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) …

Abstract The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a
forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs …

Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown great promise in
treating haematological malignancies,,,,,–. However, CAR-T cell therapy currently has …

Cancer immunotherapy effect can be greatly enhanced by other methods to induce
immunogenic cell death (ICD), which has profoundly affected immunotherapy as a highly …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-
renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor …

The binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the surface of T cells and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-
L1) on tumor cells can prevent the immune-killing effect of T cells on tumor cells and …

Tumor immunotherapy exerts its anti-tumor effects by stimulating and enhancing immune
responses of the body. It has become another important modality of anti-tumor therapy with …

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly flourished and revolutionized the limited
conventional tumor therapies, on account of its good safety and long-term memory ability …

Breast cancer heterogeneity determines cancer progression, treatment effects, and
prognosis. However, the precise mechanism for this heterogeneity remains unknown owing …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer,
negatively expresses estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal …